Christmas C1

Surviving Christmas

A. Do you know what these words mean?
turkey / snow / present / mistletoe / carols / holly / tree / card / party / New Year / stocking
Boxing Day / mince pie / holiday / reindeer / Christmas Eve / mulled wine / winter

B. Now, match them to their English definition:

1. The day after Christmas Day
2. This has a message written in it and is given from one person to another at Christmas
3. Traditional songs sung at Christmas
4. The day before Christmas
5. A special time of the year when you do not have to go to work
6. A green, thorny plant with red berries used to decorate people’s homes
7. A traditional sweet pastry filled with fruit
8. Couples traditionally kiss underneath this plant at Christmas
9. Hot, spiced wine which is drunk at Christmas
10. The celebration between December and January when January 1st begins
11. A meeting of people for a celebration, usually with music, food and dancing
12. A gift given from one person to another
13. The animals that pull Santa’s sleigh
14. Soft pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky when the weather is cold
15. A large sock into which gifts are placed on Christmas Day
16. A tall, green thing which is decorated and placed in the house over the Christmas period
17. Large bird traditionally eaten at Christmas

C. Read the text about Christmas customs in the UK
1. Christmas is traditionally a time of celebration and gift giving, both in the UK and also in many places all over the world. But Christmas is not the same everywhere, and there are some traditions which are common in the UK but not in other cultures. However, many things about the way Christmas is celebrated in the UK may be very familiar to those from other parts of the world.

2. First, of course, in the northern hemisphere, Christmas is more or less in the middle of winter, and Christmas Day is just three days after the winter solstice, the shortest day, so there is not much daylight in the UK at this time of year and the weather can be quite cold, with snow and ice, and Christmas is connected in people’s minds with winter traditions. Much of the imagery and many of the customs which are followed over Christmas are related to the fact that it is the winter.

3. Lights and colours are very important during this season; people like to fill their houses with brightly coloured decorations and lights, which help to make the dark winter seem brighter and warmer. It’s common to bring a small tree, either a real or artificial one, into the house, and cover it with small presents for children, and coloured balls or figures, and this tree often becomes the centrepiece in people’s living rooms over the Christmas holiday.

4. Gift giving is very important, and under the Christmas tree is often the place where people put presents, wrapped in brightly coloured paper and ribbons, in anticipation of Christmas Day, when they are all opened. Children look forward to opening them, and Christmas is often a chance for parents and relatives to spend a lot of money on buying things for the young ones in their families. Another famous tradition connected to gift giving is the stocking, a large sock, usually a red colour, which children hang up in front of the fireplace in the living room. On Christmas Day the children find that this stocking is full of gifts, and they believe that Santa Claus, riding on a sleigh pulled by reindeer, has visited the house, entered the room through the chimney, and filled the stocking.

5. People tend to eat very rich foods over the Christmas period, and eating and drinking are very important parts of the customs at this time of year. On Christmas Day itself, families usually get together for a large meal, the main course of which is usually turkey served with potatoes and a variety of vegetables. This is often followed by a large, sweet pudding made of fruit and a lot of sugar, called Christmas pudding, and in the afternoon or evening, people may eat mince pies, and drink hot mulled wine. Of course, many people eat too much on Christmas Day, and all over the holiday period, and quite often they begin the new year by promising to go on a diet or planning to get much more exercise!

6.The Christmas holiday period is often a whole week in total, usually starting on Christmas Eve (December 24th), when people may finish work early and go to parties, where they will meet friends or family. Music is important at these parties; sometimes people sing traditional carols, which tend to be older traditional songs about Christmas, or they may prefer to listen and sing along to more modern Christmas pop songs, which are now becoming a very important part of Christmas customs.

7.Christmas Day itself (December 25th) is mostly spent with the family, and people do not tend to go out as there is not usually any public transport and the shops are all closed. The following day is called Boxing Day, which was traditionally a day for visiting neighbours and relatives, but it is becoming increasingly common for this to be a shopping day in the UK, as many of the shops open and have sales starting on Boxing Day. Many people have the whole week between Christmas Day and New Year as a holiday, and New Year’s Day itself is also a public holiday when most shops and services in the UK are closed.

D. Answer the questions:
a) Is Christmas Day the shortest day of the year?
b) What do people do to change the appearance of the insides of their houses at Christmas?
c) What different sorts of Christmas tree do people bring into their houses?
d) What do people put under the Christmas tree?
e) Who fills the stockings with presents?
f) Are Christmas foods healthy?
g) What is a common regret about the food at Christmas, and what do people do about it?
h) What is the difference between the two types of music people listen to at Christmas?
i) When are the shops open and closed in the UK over the Christmas period?

E. Match the paragraph to the headings:
a) What music do people listen to?
b) How long does the festival last?
c) How do people decorate their houses?
d) What gifts do people give each other?
e) Is this festival the same everywhere?
f) What season is this festival?
g) What do people eat?